CONCLUTION: Journal of Development Economies is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal published biannually (April and October) by PT Rabiah Media Publisher in collaboration with ITBM Wakatobi. The journal publishes high-quality articles, including original research articles, review articles, and case studies, in the field of development economics. The scope covers topics such as economic growth, poverty alleviation, policy analysis, international trade, sustainable development, and socio-economic empowerment. Each submitted manuscript undergoes a rigorous double-blind peer-review process and is evaluated by at least two expert reviewers.